Electronics Calculator Guides

How to Read Resistor Color Codes

Resistor color codes use a standardized system of colored bands to indicate resistance value and tolerance.

4-Band Resistors

  • 1st Band: First digit
  • 2nd Band: Second digit
  • 3rd Band: Multiplier
  • 4th Band: Tolerance

5-Band Resistors

  • 1st Band: First digit
  • 2nd Band: Second digit
  • 3rd Band: Third digit
  • 4th Band: Multiplier
  • 5th Band: Tolerance

6-Band Resistors

  • 1st-3rd Bands: Three digits
  • 4th Band: Multiplier
  • 5th Band: Tolerance
  • 6th Band: Temperature coefficient

Common Examples

Color Bands Value Tolerance
Brown-Black-Red-Gold 1kΩ ±5%
Red-Red-Orange-Gold 22kΩ ±5%
Orange-Orange-Brown-Gold 330Ω ±5%

Understanding Inductor Color Codes

Inductors use color bands to indicate their inductance value and tolerance, similar to resistors but with some key differences.

3-Band Inductors

Most common type for basic inductors:

  • 1st Band: First significant digit
  • 2nd Band: Second significant digit
  • 3rd Band: Multiplier

4-Band Inductors

For more precise specifications:

  • 1st Band: First significant digit
  • 2nd Band: Second significant digit
  • 3rd Band: Multiplier
  • 4th Band: Tolerance

Typical Values and Applications

RF Applications

1µH - 100µH

  • Wireless devices
  • RF filters
  • Antenna matching

Power Applications

100µH - 1mH

  • Switch-mode power supplies
  • DC-DC converters
  • Power filters

Audio Applications

1mH - 10mH

  • Crossover networks
  • Audio filters
  • Signal processing

Mastering Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law is fundamental to understanding electrical circuits and their behavior.

Basic Formulas

  • V = I × R (Voltage = Current × Resistance)
  • I = V ÷ R (Current = Voltage ÷ Resistance)
  • R = V ÷ I (Resistance = Voltage ÷ Current)

Power Calculations

  • P = V × I (Power = Voltage × Current)
  • P = I² × R (Power = Current² × Resistance)
  • P = V² ÷ R (Power = Voltage² ÷ Resistance)

Practical Applications

Circuit Design

  • Component selection
  • Power requirements
  • Voltage dividers

Troubleshooting

  • Voltage measurements
  • Current testing
  • Power consumption

Safety Calculations

  • Maximum ratings
  • Heat dissipation
  • Component protection